Feminism - A Personal Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Feminism - A Personal Perspective - Essay Example Women often cannot and many a time are not allowed to transcend this idea that brings in its wake a burden of expectations and constraints. There exist definite and stereotypical ideas about what womanhood means and feminism is the field of study that intends to shatter such obnoxious and repressive ideas. Though women’s study intends to place women at the center of all intellectual inquiries, the thing to be kept in mind is that the fact that feminism defies all stereotypical notions transcends all gender specifications. The fact that feminism intends to liberate women from the shackles of all preconceived notions also assumes the relevance of same rights and prerogatives for men. Feminism intends to revolt against all forms of repression of women and the rights it intends to seek are or should be universal, transcending all gender specifications. Feminists should remember that this ideal is not a philosophical pie in the sky but is, in fact, imperative for the relevance and sustenance of all forms of feminist struggles. â€Å"The true form of revolutionary change is never merely the repressive situations that we seek to escape, but the piece of the oppressor that is planted deep within each of us.† It is imperative for the adherents of feminism to not to fall into the male trap of hating men. The very fact of doing so not only justifies and establishes the stereotypical notions of masculinity in our society but at the same time authenticates the stereotypical notions about women.

Susan Berk-Seligson Essay Example for Free

Susan Berk-Seligson Essay That same year, Berk-Seligson (199o) ground-breaking study of hundreds of hours of courtroom interpreting also appeared. Her major finding was that interpreters became actively involved participants in the discourse process of courtroom proceedings. She found that court interpreters are intrusive elements in court proceedings far from being the unobtrusive figure that attorneys and judges would like her to be. For example, ordinary court procedures, as well as other participants, shift attention to interpreters on Ð ° regular basis in Ð ° courtroom. Judges have to introduce and swear in interpreters, thus calling attention to them as another participant in Ð ° judicial process, as well as calling attention to the notion of accuracy in translation. In the voir dire process with jurors, attorneys ask directly if the presence of an interpreter is bothersome. More important, what will show up repeatedly in future studies is that attorneys and judges often resort to addressing the interpreter rather than the witness when they ask their questions. Berk-Seligson also demonstrated that interpreters were not always just interpreting. They ask for permission to speak when proceedings become confusing; they ask for clarification of Ð ° term or idea; they halt proceedings when they hear Ð ° word they do not understand; they ask for repetition of what they did not hear. At times, they report difficulty, such as clarifying ambiguity, dialect differences, or grammatical problems. Finally, witnesses, defendants, plaintiffs, and other participants within the court make side comments to interpreters or talk to them directly. Moreover, she provided examples of interpreters’ who controlled the flow of testimony by urging or prompting Ð ° witness to speak or by getting witnesses and defendants to be silent. For example, interpreters say to witnesses do you understand? or answer! or answer, please. Interpreters also ask questions of witnesses such as what? or І didnt hear you. Berk-Seligsons study is the first sociolinguistic study of interpreters to follow traditional sociolinguistic studies by recording hundreds of hours of data, looking for patterns and variations in the speech of the participants (see Labov 1972). More important, it is the first published study to observe, describe, and evaluate interpreters active participation in the role of one who passes on what others say and in the role as an individual participant in Ð ° speech situation. Cecilia Wadensjo Interpreter-mediated conversations as Ð ° mode of communication have been dealt in the book of Wadensjo, interpreting as Interaction that was published in the year 1998. Interpreters and their responsibilities have also been included in this book. Empirical data recorded interpreter-mediated encounters within medical, legal, and social services settings have been examined in the heart of her book. Moreover, analytical frameworks of the nature of social organizations have been theoretically grounded in the works of Wadensjo. In addition, the dialogic theory of language and interaction has also been included in her works. A seminal perspective of the interpreter has been offered by her, by whom problems of translations are not the only that are solved as an engaged actor, but problems of mutual understanding in situated interaction are also solved. Two interdependent activities-translations and coordination are consisted in the interpreting that was revealed by the application of a dialogic framework. Moreover, two kinds of talk are created by the interpreters, which is a fact that established the abovementioned revealing of the interpreting. In this regard, relaying of a message generates first type of talk, and the assisting of a flow of talk by the interpreter generates the second type of talk. When the interpreters role performance is investigated as interaction [italics hers], however, when the interpreter is studied in relation to Ð ° relevant audience or role others (Goffman), it becomes self-evident that the dialogue interpreter must be conceived of as both relayer and co-ordinator (1992: 266). Examples of utterances directed at the interpreter and from the interpreter have also been provided by her. The content of the relayed message has not been included in these examples. Thus, perception of a co-ordinate activity among the participants, as well as, Ð ° responsibility of the interpreter has been included in the progression of talk. Mutual and shared understanding has been created by the progression and substance of talk, and the distribution of responsibility for this among co-interlocutors in an interpreter-mediated conversation. Understanding in conversation and its opposite miscommunication has been problematized by Wadensjo, in order to further elaborate on interpreter rights and responsibilities. In this regard, three different ways in terms of handling of miscommunication events by the interpreters have been showed by Wadensjo. Perspectives for the constituting of sufficient understanding among the participants are revealed by the ways, in which miscommunication is dealt by the interpreters. In this regard, exploration of interpreters and their responsibilities has been done by Wadensjo, as it has been seen in her discussion of replaying by displaying and replaying as re-presenting. Through language, interpreters can distance themselves from an utterance they speak, Ð ° distinction that results in the primary participants better understanding of the message. Her point is that even when interpreters move further away from the role of strictly transferring, it benefits the goal-oriented exchange. By noticing this distancing, it demonstrates how the reality of interpreting does not reflect the idealized pedagogy about how interpreters do their work. Notably, in manifesting this distance, we get an idea of personal style. While the old adage to just translate and translate everything is Ð ° useful shorthand for explaining interpreting to lay persons and newcomers, it is not useful for explanations needed to define interpreting as Ð ° profession and to define the actual rights and responsibilities that define the everyday experience of interpreting work. A vast new perspective for understanding, researching and teaching the work of interpreters has been opened by Wadensjo. The perspective of interpreter as engaged actor solving not only problems of translation but problems of mutual understanding has been offered by Wadensjo in a seminal way. It has been suggested in her first full-length work that the task of interpreting much better can be understood by people, if the perception of interactivity of the primary participants should be accounted, as compared with the looking up of interpreter and the interpreted message. Again for the first time, a deeply theoretical understanding of the complex nature of participation in an interpreter-mediated encounter has been provided by the frameworks of social interaction and dialogic linguistics. Wadensjo differs from Berk-Seligson in attempting to understand interpreters as they do their job, not evaluating them against idealized and unsubstantiated notions of ideal practice.

moralhf Moral Choices in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn - Moral Choices There were many heroes in the literature that has been read. Many have been courageous and showed their character through tough times. Through these tough times they were forced to make important decisions and this is where you get the real idea of who is deserved to be called a hero. The most influential though of all these was Huckleberry Finn. Through the innocence of childhood he is able to break through the societal pressures that are brought on him and do right. In Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn you meet a rebellious young teen named Huck Finn. Huck is not your everyday hero especially in the beginning of the novel but slowly through the story his mature, responsible side comes out and he shows that he truly is the epitome of a hero. Huck is forced to make many crucial decisions, which could get him in serious trouble if not get him killed. Huck has natural intelligence, has street smarts, which are helpful along his adventure, and is assertive. Huck has always had to rely on himself to get through things because he is from the lowest levels of white society and his dad is known more or less as the `town drunk." So when Huck fakes his death and runs away to live on an island he is faced with yet another problem, which revolves around the controversial issue of the time of racism. While living on the island he meets Jim who was a slave but Huck soon learns that he has ran off and now in the process of making his way up north to Canada. Here Huck is faced along with his first tough decision, to go with Jim and help him, or just go and tell the officials of a runaway slave and get the reward. Huck reluctantly joins Jim and promises him to get him to free land for the sake of a good adventure but he still feels guilty to be conversing with a runaway slave let alone help him escape. Along the way Huck has many challenges, which are just like this one. This is truly remarkable for a child to be able to break away from the influence of society and go with his heart and do what is right especially when it was considered wrong.

Ineffective N.A.A.C.P. in James Baldwins Down at the Cross Essay

The Effect of the N.A.A.C.P. There are many different opinions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.), the premier organization for African-American rights around the world. Some believe that the organization has made great strides towards equality and fairness across the country, and that segregation could still be a prominent fixture today if not for the N.A.A.C.P. Others scrutinize the efforts of the N.A.A.C.P., and claim that it is nothing more than a figurehead organization that doesn’t actually advance the African-American people. This seems to be the sentiment shared in the essay, â€Å"Down at the Cross,† by James Baldwin. Although mentioned only briefly in the essay, Baldwin conveys a sense of discouragement towards the N.A.A.C.P., and that there work doesn’t do much good because of their lethargy in the courtroom. (Baldwin, 320) Baldwin asserts that by the time the court decision has been made, the impact of the decision is a lmost nonexistent, and fails to carry a collective punch. For these reasons, Baldwin believes that the N.A.A.C.P. will never accomplish meaningful, and that they will continue to simply go through the motions, in an almost lifeless manner. The history of the N.A.A.C.P. dates back to the early 20th century. The organization was founded in 1909 by Mary White Ovington. Ovington had read an article from the New York Post entitled â€Å"Race War in the North,† written by William English Walling. Ovington became inspired to learn more about the African-American situation, and set up a meeting with Walling in New York. On February 12th, 1909, approximately 20 or so members met and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Co... ...essay, Baldwin may have proven to have predicted the fate of the N.A.A.C.P., even if its accomplishments did surpass his own expectations. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1962. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347. Kellogg, Charles Flint. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967. Connerly, Ward. â€Å"The NAACP’s Decline and Fall.† The Wall Street Journal 16 July 2002: A16. â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.† Spartacus Educational. â€Å"NAACP Timeline.† National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

The Positivism in Mexico

â€Å"Positivism in Mexico was primarily and educational philosophy. It tried to break away with the colonial mentality and bring an intellectual emancipation so the modern Mexican mind could step into the future, free from the shackles of obscurantism, superstition and face the truths of science, order and progress. † Evaluate this assessment of positivism in Mexico. How accurate is it? What does it mean by facing â€Å"the truths of science†? What kind of educational innovations did it argue for? The Positive (and Negative) Truth about Mexican Positivism as a 19th Century Mexican Educational Reform Philosophy The assertion that: â€Å"Positivism in Mexico was primarily an educational philosophy. It tried to break away with the colonial mentality and bring an intellectual emancipation so the modern Mexican mind could step into the future, free from the shackles of obscurantism, superstition and face the truths of science, order and progress† (no source) is an accurate one. Further, according to â€Å"Comparative Social Movements: Mexico and the United States†: The Mexican Positivists were a group of elite intellectuals and social scientists that provided guidance and advice to Porfirio Diaz, the dictator that controlled Mexico from 1878 through the eve of the Mexican Revolution in 1910. The cientificos [sic] emphasized the incorporation of Mexico into the modern world system. This was to be accomplished through suppression of the indigenous and mestizo [sic] aspects of he culture and promotion of Mexico's â€Å"European† heritage. The combination of economic liberalization and political authoritarianism was the hallmark of Mexican Positivism. (December 16, 2002) Philosophies of the founder of sociology, Auguste Compte (â€Å"Sociological Positivism†; Auguste Compte), as applied to 19th century Mexican society, i. e. , Mexican Positivism, offered (or imposed, depending on one's viewpoint) educational and other innovations in the later 19th century and earliest years of the 20th (â€Å"The Porfiriato, 1876-1910†). To those nationals who supported Mexican Positivism (and there were many), â€Å"The positivism of Auguste Comte promised progress, discipline, and morality, together with freedom from the tyranny of theology† (Hutto). Further, Mexican Positivism, derived as it was from Compte, emphasized the encouragement of, and a focus upon, scientific inquiry into ways of achieving national social progress measures, while still maintaining the established social order, e. g. , a cornerstone Comptean ideal (Marti, â€Å"Positivism and Human Values: The Quest for a Social Ideal†, March 26, 1994). Mexican Positivism also espoused empirical, as opposed to abstract, definitions of and goals for social progress; as well as systematic strategies and methods for (as we would call it today) the continual improvement of society, or â€Å"Total Quality Management (TQM)† (â€Å"Social Positivism†; â€Å"August Compte†; â€Å"Sociology†). Mexican-born social philosophers like Jose Vasconcelos and Antonio Caso, however, were comparatively abstract, non-scientific thinkers by comparison. They were, in that sense, both relatively non-Mexican Positivists; that is, each favored a more holistic, less systematic integration of philosophy, science, art, education into already inherent (instead of externally-imposed, European-based) social values (Salmeron; Marti; â€Å"Jose Vasconcelos†; â€Å"Antonio Caso†; â€Å"Auguste Compte†). Vasconcelos, for example, was â€Å"in favour [sic] of the education of the masses and oriented the nation's education efforts along secular, civic, and pan-American (americanista) lines† (Wikipedia). Vasconcelos's ideals included, according to Salmeron (p. 267), the concept of: a living experimentalism in which concur, each one in its own function, the data of the senses, the rules of reason, the projects of the will, all in a harmony which engenders love. The ambition to bring into concert all the resources by which consciousness disposes to relate itself to the world and to penetrate more profoundly its own depths [emphasis added]. As for Caso, who was in many ways (although in a more purely academic sense) (Salmoneda), echoed Vasconcelos's ideological viewpoint: â€Å"Caso's thought is a reaction against positivism, an affirmation of liberty, of Christian roots, based on the conviction that man is a spiritual reality which constitutes the culmination of nature. † (Salmoneda, p. 267) In comparison to Vasconcelos and Caso, Compte, the â€Å"Grandfather† (â€Å"Sociology†) of positivism as an integrated social philosophy (â€Å"Auguste Compte†) might have instead espoused the importance of a quantifiable â€Å"blueprint† for Mexican social progress and educational innovation. That, then, could then be empirically tested, and its results quantified and studied, e. g. , a â€Å"science of society† (â€Å"Auguste Compte†). This would represent a systematic approach to measuring all areas of societal progress (or the lack of it), including education. (Salmoneda; â€Å"Auguste Compte†; â€Å"Sociology†). Such an approach, Compte no doubt would argue, would help Mexico, a â€Å"backward† (i. e. non-European) nation, to now be able to â€Å"face the truths of science, order and progress† [whatever those were. They were most likely European truths, which Mexico and Mexicans, being â€Å"backward†, simply had not â€Å"caught on† to yet]. Mexican Positivism had an especially strong, active, and influential supporter in Gabino Barreda. Barreda clearly regarded Mexican Positivism much more favorably than did either Vasconcelos or Caso. Perhaps this was due to his own (Paris-acquired) scientific and medical training, as well as his privileged social background (â€Å"The Porfiriato, 1876-1910†³; Hutto; Marti. Positivism and Human Values: The Quest for a Social Ideal†, March 26, 1994). Barreda was an intellectual, with a predilection for outcomes based on logic; his major concern was the establishment of the sciences and logic as the basal philosophy of education. . . He considered positivist principles necessary in order to educate â€Å"a new elite to guide Mexico in the positive era† (Hale, 1989). Curriculum was defined as â€Å"the encyclopedic learning of the sciences in an ordered hierarchy† hat would establish an intellectual order capable of preventing anarchy in all its forms, and thereby lead to the moral regeneration of society (Hale, 1989). Mexican positivism, embodied in the slogan â€Å"order and progress,† was the backbone of the modernization scheme supported by the cientificos, intellectual followers of Barreda. Led by Jose Ives Limantour, who served as adviser to Diaz, the cientificos developed a plan for economic recovery that was to be carried out through the next twenty-seven years of the Porfiriato. (â€Å"The Porfiriato, 1876-1910†) Mexican Positivism, then, indeed â€Å"tried to break away with the colonial mentality and bring an intellectual emancipation so the modern Mexican mind could step into the future, free from the shackles of obscurantism, superstition and face the truths of science, order and progress† (no source). Since the impetus for it came from a European movement, though, rather than from one that sprang from within the movement itself, the efforts of Mexican Positivism were met with mixed enthusiasm within Mexico itself, and also with mixed results. The Positivism in Mexico â€Å"Positivism in Mexico was primarily and educational philosophy. It tried to break away with the colonial mentality and bring an intellectual emancipation so the modern Mexican mind could step into the future, free from the shackles of obscurantism, superstition and face the truths of science, order and progress. † Evaluate this assessment of positivism in Mexico. How accurate is it? What does it mean by facing â€Å"the truths of science†? What kind of educational innovations did it argue for? The Positive (and Negative) Truth about Mexican Positivism as a 19th Century Mexican Educational Reform Philosophy The assertion that: â€Å"Positivism in Mexico was primarily an educational philosophy. It tried to break away with the colonial mentality and bring an intellectual emancipation so the modern Mexican mind could step into the future, free from the shackles of obscurantism, superstition and face the truths of science, order and progress† (no source) is an accurate one. Further, according to â€Å"Comparative Social Movements: Mexico and the United States†: The Mexican Positivists were a group of elite intellectuals and social scientists that provided guidance and advice to Porfirio Diaz, the dictator that controlled Mexico from 1878 through the eve of the Mexican Revolution in 1910. The cientificos [sic] emphasized the incorporation of Mexico into the modern world system. This was to be accomplished through suppression of the indigenous and mestizo [sic] aspects of he culture and promotion of Mexico's â€Å"European† heritage. The combination of economic liberalization and political authoritarianism was the hallmark of Mexican Positivism. (December 16, 2002) Philosophies of the founder of sociology, Auguste Compte (â€Å"Sociological Positivism†; Auguste Compte), as applied to 19th century Mexican society, i. e. , Mexican Positivism, offered (or imposed, depending on one's viewpoint) educational and other innovations in the later 19th century and earliest years of the 20th (â€Å"The Porfiriato, 1876-1910†). To those nationals who supported Mexican Positivism (and there were many), â€Å"The positivism of Auguste Comte promised progress, discipline, and morality, together with freedom from the tyranny of theology† (Hutto). Further, Mexican Positivism, derived as it was from Compte, emphasized the encouragement of, and a focus upon, scientific inquiry into ways of achieving national social progress measures, while still maintaining the established social order, e. . , a cornerstone Comptean ideal (Marti, â€Å"Positivism and Human Values: The Quest for a Social Ideal†, March 26, 1994). Mexican Positivism also espoused empirical, as opposed to abstract, definitions of and goals for social progress; as well as systematic strategies and methods for (as we would call it today) the continual improvement of society, or â€Å"Total Quality Management (TQM)† (â€Å"Social Positivism†; â€Å"August Compte†; â€Å"Sociology†). Mexican-born social philosophers like Jose Vasconcelos and Antonio Caso, however, were comparatively abstract, non-scientific thinkers by comparison. They were, in that sense, both relatively non-Mexican Positivists; that is, each favored a more holistic, less systematic integration of philosophy, science, art, education into already inherent (instead of externally-imposed, European-based) social values (Salmeron; Marti; â€Å"Jose Vasconcelos†; â€Å"Antonio Caso†; â€Å"Auguste Compte†). Vasconcelos, for example, was â€Å"in favour [sic] of the education of the masses and oriented the nation's education efforts along secular, civic, and pan-American (americanista) lines† (Wikipedia). Vasconcelos's ideals included, according to Salmeron (p. 267), the concept of: a living experimentalism in which concur, each one in its own function, the data of the senses, the rules of reason, the projects of the will, all in a harmony which engenders love. The ambition to bring into concert all the resources by which consciousness disposes to relate itself to the world and to penetrate more profoundly its own depths [emphasis added]. As for Caso, who was in many ways (although in a more purely academic sense) (Salmoneda), echoed Vasconcelos's ideological viewpoint: â€Å"Caso's thought is a reaction against positivism, an affirmation of liberty, of Christian roots, based on the conviction that man is a spiritual reality which constitutes the culmination of nature. † (Salmoneda, p. 67) In comparison to Vasconcelos and Caso, Compte, the â€Å"Grandfather† (â€Å"Sociology†) of positivism as an integrated social philosophy (â€Å"Auguste Compte†) might have instead espoused the importance of a quantifiable â€Å"blueprint† for Mexican social progress and educational innovation. That, then, could then be empirically tested, and its results quantified and studied, e. g. , a â€Å"science of society† (â€Å"Auguste Compte†). This would represent a systematic approach to measuring all areas of societal progress (or the lack of it), including education. Salmoneda; â€Å"Auguste Compte†; â€Å"Sociology†). Such an approach, Compte no doubt would argue, would help Mexico, a â€Å"backward† (i. e. non-European) nation, to now be able to â€Å"face the truths of science, order and progress† [whatever those were. They were most likely European truths, which Mexico and Mexicans, being â€Å"backward†, simply had not â€Å"caught on† to yet]. Mexican Positivism had an especially strong, active, and influential supporter in Gabino Barreda. Barreda clearly regarded Mexican Positivism much more favorably than did either Vasconcelos or Caso. Perhaps this was due to his own (Paris-acquired) scientific and medical training, as well as his privileged social background (â€Å"The Porfiriato, 1876-1910†³; Hutto; Marti. Positivism and Human Values: The Quest for a Social Ideal†, March 26, 1994). Barreda was an intellectual, with a predilection for outcomes based on logic; his major concern was the establishment of the sciences and logic as the basal philosophy of education. . . He considered positivist principles necessary in order to educate â€Å"a new elite to guide Mexico in the positive era† (Hale, 1989). Curriculum was defined as â€Å"the encyclopedic learning of the sciences in an ordered hierarchy† hat would establish an intellectual order capable of preventing anarchy in all its forms, and thereby lead to the moral regeneration of society (Hale, 1989). Mexican positivism, embodied in the slogan â€Å"order and progress,† was the backbone of the modernization scheme supported by the cientificos, intellectual followers of Barreda. Led by Jose Ives Limantour, who served as adviser to Diaz, the cientificos developed a plan for economic recovery that was to be carried out through the next twenty-seven years of the Porfiriato. â€Å"The Porfiriato, 1876-1910†) Mexican Positivism, then, indeed â€Å"tried to break away with the colonial mentality and bring an intellectual emancipation so the modern Mexican mind could step into the future, free from the shackles of obscurantism, superstition and face the truths of science, order and progress† (no source). Since the impetus for it came from a European movement, though, rather than from one that sprang from within the movement itself, the efforts of Mexican Positivism were met with mixed enthusiasm within Mexico itself, and also with mixed results.

Neighbours essays

Neighbours essays When a new suburb, town or estate is established, planners must take a great deal of consideration for how neighbours will interact and the amount of community spirit it will produce. But the question is whether high community spirit and a high level of neighbourly interaction is desirable or needed in todays society as households become more independent and move further away from each other. This is a question that I ask after reading three famous studies by Michael Young and Peter Wilmott (1957), Lyn Richards (1990) and Mark Peel (2000) on neighbours and how they interact in different housing developments. All three readings discuss different aspects of neighbours and the connection between them, but the universal question that seemed to be attempted to be answered by all was what the causes of changes in neighbourly interaction were. Young and Willmotts classic study was conducted from 1953 to 1955 by taking a selection of working class families and residents from a borough in East London, Bethnal Green, and moved them to a new estate on the outer fringes of London, Greenleigh, to see how they interacted with their neighbours. Intriguing results ensued, which deserve further discussion. (They stated that they were not expecting the results that were observed and I will discuss their findings.) The main subject that Young and Wilmott address is the wider family as kinship networks and how strong it is in the inner city. Both Young and Wilmott and Richards (1990) found that neighbours took the place of absent kin. When the sample families from Bethnal Green were interviewed by Young and Wilmott in their new estate, Greenleigh, most of them thought that the neighbours were unfriendly and that they were neither enemies nor friends. Upon further reading, however, it became apparent that the cause of the unfriendliness may have been due to the lack of similarities that they had with each other, ...

Should I vote1 essays

Should I vote1 essays The 2000 presidential election is soon approaching, but should I really care? When the time comes to cast the ballot, most people either feel obligated or apathetic. As in any case, there are many sides to this argument; some reasons that I should vote include civic duty and sustaining the democracy for which our founding fathers fought. On the other hand, politicians can be self-serving, and taking the time to cast just one vote is not worth my time. In talking with others on the subject, it seems as if most people are sitting on the fence as well. While voting seems like the ethical thing for me to do, would I be making a difference? One of the reasons that I should vote is that it is my duty as a citizen to vote. The Constitution gives me the right, and therefore I should respect that privilege. Furthermore, it was the goal of our founding fathers to give us the right to participate directly in our government. Voting is the basic form of political involvement, yet one of the most important. Since becoming independent, the US has become a world power largely based upon a representative government. It can be argued that in order to stay on top, we must continue fulfilling our political obligations; obviously these are reasons I should vote. Despite the fact that in previous years politicians worked hard to guarantee basic rights and privileges, it is a different situation today. Nowadays, politicians are more apt to badger us for campaign contributions and votes. Instead of giving to us, they take for themselves. Moreover, they engage in mudslinging and more times then not are ambiguous in their stances on important matters. Why should I help them further their career, when I am not being helped? Why should I take the time to register to vote, become informed, and cast a ballot, if it is all for not? Based upon these reasons, I should ...

Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Example

Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Example Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising BY Jaymes2510 James Essex Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Word Count: 1133 Words Born in 1965 in a small town called Usk, Monmouthshire, Rory Sutherland has rose through the ranks in the advertising industry to become one of the most influential fgures in advertising (The Marketing Society, 2013). Rory began his studies at his local school Haberdashers, and then on to further his studies at Christs College, Cambridge. During school, Rory was a mischievous child. His brother recalling a ituation in which, in Rorys Latin class the teacher wondered whether he had time for a new exercise. *dow much time have I got? the master muttered to himself as he looked at his watch. Not long unless you give up smoking, Sir, was Rorys response. (The Wiki Man, 2011) This sense of foolishness and carefree attitude seems to have followed Rory into his later life, work and has possibly made him the influential fgure he is today. Rory seemed to be following in the footsteps of Sir Martin Sorrell from an early age, however it seems that the rebellious attitude seemed to diminish the similarities egan teaching at a grammar school in Aylesbury. This would not last long however. The contents of the staff room proved too depressing to bear (Ogilvy, 2013). After applying to numerous advertising and marketing Jobs, Rory finally landed a position at Ogilvy Mather Direct where things did not improve, Paul ODonnell, chairman of Ogilvy Mather saying he was without a doubt the worst graduate trainee we ever hired (The Wiki Man, 2011). Rory had many Jobs at Ogilvy and it seemed like he was terrible at all of them. Rory always had a keen eye for seeking out new developments in technology and making se of them. Rory Joined the agency at the brink of a technological boom, when computers and the Internet were starting to advance rapidly. When Ogilvy got a new information machine called MAID, (a piece of equipment that would give answers to questions being typed into it), they had no choice but to let Rory use it, as he was the only one that knew how. Paul ODonnell (2011) stated that this was the worst thing they could have let Rory do. Instead of actually planning, he would sit in front of the machine typing in question after question, looking at the answers and saying fascinating, fascinating. After being moved from account management to planning, and then being fired from that, it seemed like there was no hope for Rory. That was until an outcry across the office forced them to give Rory one more chance. He was moved to the creative department and flourished. Within five years Rory was made Executive Creative Director. Rory has become an expert on behavioural economics and believes advertising and marketing must be seen as a science. In a TED Talk filmed in Athens, Rory talks about how Perspective is everything and how much too time is spent looking for technical engineering solutions and not enough time ooking for psychological solutions. Using the following example where he talks about the Eurostar Journey times, he sums his statement up perfectly: Six million pounds spent to reduce the Journey time between Paris and London by about forty minutes. For maybe ten percent of the money you could have paid all of the worlds top male and female supermodels to walk up and down the train, handing out free Chateau Petrus to all passengers. Youd still have five [million] pounds in change and people would ask for the trains to be slowed down. (TED Talks, 2012) This is a brilliant example of the creative and knowledgeable way Rory looks at the dvertising industry and using this insight, he has launched a new initiative called #ogilvychange. Founded by Rory himself and Director of Strategy Integration Jez Groom, #ogilvychange uses leading research in cognitive psychology and the communication expertise of Ogilvy to create a new way of advertising, to change the minds and behavior of the consumers in a way that makes advertising much more effective. Rorys view of looking at advertising and marketing as purely a science rather than an art form is not brand new however. In 1923, Claude C. Hopkins published his book advertising and the need to target the man rather than the masses. In other words, advertising that targets a large quantity of people is going to be less effective than advertising that focuses on targeting an individual, finding out the way they think and targeting a more psychological advertising campaign towards them using a scientific approach. In his book, Claude Hopkins says: Dont think of people in the mass. That gives you a blurred view. Think ofa typical individual, man or woman, who is likely to want what you sell. Dont try to be amusing. Money spending is a serious matter (Scientific Advertising, 1923) Rory seems to be carrying on this scientific approach to advertising, working with big lients such as British Airways, British Gas, IBM and many more to change the way people think and behave. Rory has championed the behavioural economics agenda at Ogilvy Mather and working with a team of experts, he will oversee the future of Looking at Rory Sutherland, as a hero of advertising at the present moment may be slightly difficult to comprehend, after all, Claude Hopkins pioneered the idea of scientific advertising and as such, shaped the way advertisers target their consumers. As a personal opinion, I would argue that Claude Hopkins has made much more of a contribution to advertising in the behavioural economics and sychological advertising segment and is therefore more worthy of the title Hero of Advertising. However if we look at the work Rory Sutherland is currently undertaking at Ogilvy Mather, the use of his understanding of behavioural economics and psychological advertising to create a whole new agenda for the company, #ogilvychange, I can not say that he has had no contribution to the advertising industry. His skills speak for himself; his bubbly and rebellious attitude from a young age has made him a charismatic person and as such, he has managed to rise through the ranks at Ogilvy Mather at a substantial rate. Perhaps this is why he has such an understanding of behavioural economics and consumer psychology, because he can relate to the consumer on a human level. As such, although Rory Sutherland may not be worthy of the title Hero of Advertising at the present moment in comparison to such pioneers as Claude Hopkins, I can see the use of his understanding of consumer psychology and his founding and running of #ogilvychange putting him in a prime place to soon become a Hero of Advertising. Hopkins, C. , 1923. Scientific Advertising [online] Available from: http:// www. scientificadvertising. com/ScientificAdvertising. f [Accessed October 2013] The Marketing Society, 2013. Ogilvy and Pimp My Cause partnership [online] The Library. Available from: https://www. marketingsociety. co. uk/the-library/ogilvy-and- pimp-my-cause-partnership [Accessed October 2013] #ogilvychange, 2013. Little Ideas From Big Thinkers [online] #ogilvychange. Available from: ogilvychange. com/ [Accessed October 2013] Og ilvy Mather. 2013. Rory Sutherland. [online] Available from: http:// www. ogilvy. co. uk/our-people/rory-sutherland/. [Accessed October 2013] Ogilvy Mather. 2012. Ogilvy Mather UK Launches new Behavioural Sciences Practice [online] Available from: ogilvy. co. uk/blog/ogilvy-mather-uk- launches-new-behavioural-sciences-practice/ [Accessed October 2013] Ogilvy Change, 2013. An Introduction to #ogilvychange [video, online] Available from: youtube. com/watch? v=PYoD1 IWEYpg [Accessed October 2013] Sutherland, R. , 2011. The Wiki Man [online] London: Its Nice That and Ogilvy Group Ted Talks, 2012. Rory Sutherland: Perspective is Everything [video, online] Available from: ted. com/talks/rory_sutherland_perspective_is_everything. html [Accessed October 2013]

Written analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Written analysis - Assignment Example For example, Bob Marley’s expected sales are: CU400 is the bonus he earned, according to Exhibit 1. Similar is the case with other workers who got a bonus. Jimi Hendrix, on the other hand, earned no bonus as he failed to meet his target of 41250 units, let alone an excess. Figure 1 exhibits a mighty 9% increase in sales in month 25 (rollout). Till month 47, sales have mainly seen increases, including crossing the peak of 10%. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of sales have seen more declines after month 25. However, they have remained around 63% and have not shown drastic reductions. Wages as a percentage of sales, though, went up by 2% immediately and have not reduced much since. It is evident that Ladbrecks has not seen a considerable deduction in costs. However, it is an incentive plan. By definition, it adds to wages rather than deduct. Cost of goods sold does not cover wages of sales-force (Moore, 2014). Here, they would increase expenses by 2%. However, initial costs must be borne when implementing a change. In the long-run, changes get subtle and rise in sales should be considered. Employees will be satisfied, will provide better customer services and will be motivated to increase sales. The plan should be kept, but changes should be made to effect the motivation of employees who are not meeting their targeted sales. If pay does not motivate them, some other initiative should be adopted targeted to them to ensure further rise in sales. This would decrease the difference in wages/sales percentage and would not impact expenses

EU mambership effects on migration of labor market in the hospitality Thesis

EU mambership effects on migration of labor market in the hospitality industry, Bucharest Romania - Thesis Example Thus, conclusions are directed towards the development of the hospitality industry and the labor market in Bucharest. This dissertation concludes that hospitality industry can and shall be one of the major industries in the country. The Romanian government has not given due recognition to the potentials of the industry and its desperate need for investments and reform and the EU membership so far has not improved the situation within the Romanian hospitality sector in any appreciable way. On the other hand, the EU membership has opened the borders for the Romanian workforce to immigrate to the West and thousands of Romanians will continue to use this opportunity to leave the country. This negatively affects the hospitality industry by making it hard for local hotels to look for workers and push up the costs of labor. The study concludes by offering some reform propositions that should help the hospitality industry to withstand this challenge and attract new tourists into the country. The new century has been marked by rapid political, economic, and socio-cultural changes in Romania, affecting all sectors of the society and bearing long-term consequences for the country and its people (Fulga 2005, p. 7). The defining moment of the country’s existence was on January 1, 2007, when Romania finally joined the European Union. If NATO membership is generally considered synonymous with security and strategic alliance with the US, while the WTO membership grants the most-favored-nation and low tariff access to the local and imported goods, the EU membership on the other hand spells funding assistance and even more importantly – the opportunity to migrate to other Member States in search for better pay and better work conditions. According to Kotzeva and Pauna (2006), the effects of migration on the labor market in Romania are an interesting topic for discussion, given the country’s recent accession into the European Union (EU) in 2007. For

Design, Analyze, and Create Political Poster or Personal Story Art Essay

Design, Analyze, and Create Political Poster or Personal Story Art Piece - Essay Example The middle portion shows the animals scrambling for water at the Serengeti River which flows through the park. With the large number of animals at the park, competition for water becomes difficult. The painting therefore shows the wild animals that include zebras, buffaloes and antelopes meeting at the river to quench their thirst The lower portion of the picture shows a herd of antelopes running for their lives away from a predator probably a pride of lions or cheetahs. Antelopes are a common prey for animals like lions and cheetahs and sometimes crocodiles at the Serengeti. Predation at the park is a familiar occurrence as the animals look for food for survival. There are numerous battles in the park between the wild animals as they search for food and water. Therefore, the painting shows a herd of antelopes at the Serengeti Park running away from a predator. The purpose of the picture is to educate people of what happens at the Serengeti National Park in the Kenya-Tanzania border in East Africa. The Serengeti National Park is one of the best attraction sites in East Africa. The Great Serengeti Migration is considered as one of the Seven Wonders of the World (Mari & Croze 56). The site of approximately 2 million wild animals crossing the Serengeti River annually is spectacular to watch. The great migration occurs from July to August during dry spell in Kenya. The animals therefore migrate into Tanzania from Kenya in search of water and pasture. The picture therefore is meant to educate people mostly from America and Europe about the marvellous site of the Serengeti Migration in East Africa. Apart from the Great Migration, the picture also seeks to show the different wild animals found in the park. The park has approximately over ten different species of wild mammals. Some of the wild animals include: buffaloes, zebras, antelopes, elephants, giraffes, cheetahs, wildebeest and lions. In addition there are also different species of birds at the park. The park is one of the few areas in the world where one is able to find large numbers of wild animals moving and grazing freely. It provides a natural scene of nature and wild animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The picture therefore shows the natural wild animals found at the Serengeti in addition to showing the Great migration of the animals with a view of encouraging citizens from America and Europe to visit the park as a tourist destination. The picture also purposes to sensitize the world on the beauty of nature and therefore the need to preserve nature and the wild animals. For the wild animals at the Serengeti to continue to exist, efforts must be put in place to protect these animals and their habitat (Mari & Croze 145). Encroachment of land by humans has continuously reduced the habitats of these wild animals hence reducing their numbers considerably. The Park should therefore be reserved as a game reserve and humans should not use the lands in the park for any pu rpose such as farming. Only this way will the beautiful scene of the animals preserved. The picture also seeks to discourage the illegal poaching of these wild animals by show casing their beauty. The painting seeks to encourage more tourists from the US to visit the site as a tourist destination. With more tourists, the Kenyan government will put more efforts to discourage poaching as the park will be generating a lot of revenues from tourism. The number of elephants has been reported to

Cybercrime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Cybercrime - Essay Example The most feared setback in computer technology is cyber crime (Ross 2010). Cybercrime is a criminal activity that is done through the use of computers and the internet as a tool to target a victim. This illegal activity involves downloading illegal music files to the theft of millions of dollars from online banking systems. It also involves non-monetary crimes such as distributing and creating viruses on other computers or even the posting of confidential business information and data on the internet. On the other hand, cyber crime is classified into three different groups (Kiesbye 2012). This occurs among the government and a business entity through the use of unauthorized access over the computer system without knowing the owner. It is also meant to send programs with the aim of crashing the computer system virus trafficking software. Cybercrime has developed to become one of the fastest growing areas of crime. An increasing number of criminals have been exploiting the convenience, speed and anonymity that the modern technologies offer so as to commit a diverse range of criminal activities. Moreover, the world’s nature of internet usage has given criminals an opportunity to commit any criminal activity any place around the globe. This has made it important for each and every country to adapt domestic offline to detect and cover crimes committed out in cyberspace. In recent years, cybercrime has evolved. In the past it was committed by small groups or by individuals. Nowadays, there has been an emerging trend where traditional organized crime syndicates and criminal minded technology experts working in hand in combining their resources and expertise (Stefoff 2009). There are two types of cybercrime. They are cybertheft and cybervandalism. Cybertheft is the activity of using the internet to steal property or interference with another person’s enjoyment of resources through computers for making illegal

Characteristics of the Ideal Man and the Ideal Woman in Three Essay

Characteristics of the Ideal Man and the Ideal Woman in Three Different Cultures - Essay Example This means that the qualities that are associated with masculinity are intelligence, daring, courage, wisdom, and physical strength. Women in Muslim culture are expected to be caring, patient, considerate, kind, and obedient to their husbands. The Muslim culture holds that women are different from men in significant emotional and intellectual ways. That means that their trust of the decisions made on their behalf by male members of the family is paramount to their well being (North and Trip, 2012). In Hindu culture, men are also expected to be the primary breadwinners in the family. Jobless men are not respected as much as those who have steady jobs. Intelligence, wisdom, physical strength, virility and perseverance are qualities that are attributed to real masculinity in Hindu culture. Hindu women are expected to be caring homemakers who respect the values of their ancestors. Even though modern Hindu women are embracing working lives in increasing numbers, traits such as submissiven ess and quietness are still valued in the Hindu woman in Hindu society. The United States has more balance between the roles of men and women in society than most other cultures around the world, and so there is not much variation between how men and women are expected to behave. ... g the ‘perfect’ women in this book tend to be homemakers and daughters who remained faithful to their male relatives even when their lives were negatively affected by their sacrificial obedience. Muslim cultures revere their examples and expect their women to emulate their examples. On the other hand, the Qur’an stipulates that men have been put by â€Å"allah† in positions of authority over women. This means that women’s obedience to men is indisputable; and that any woman who does not believe this is risking her immortal soul. Muslims therefore tend to adhere to rules concerning the roles of the sexes in a more rigid fashion than is the case with other cultures (Long, 2005). In the Hindu culture, the attitudes about the roles of the sexes and the preferable traits for both sexes are influenced by the Vedas, which are the sacred texts in the Hindu religion. In the partriarchal system supported by this texts, a man’s masculinity is confirmed b y the obedience of all women in his household to his rules. If a man does not rule over his wife, then the perpetuation of the rules of the Vedas concerning the continuation of rightful authority are broken. If a daughter refuses to serve her father and brothers or a wife disobeys her husband, then the established order of communication between the male and female sex is disturbed and this disorder will be observed in other elements of nature. The importance of perpetuating these believes about the roles of both genders therefore has a religious basis, just as is the case in the Muslim cultures. In American culture, the changes that are now evident in society concerning the roles of men and women were not always there. Just a century ago, women were mainly expected to concentrate on bearing children and maintaining the

Cybercrime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Cybercrime - Essay Example The most feared setback in computer technology is cyber crime (Ross 2010). Cybercrime is a criminal activity that is done through the use of computers and the internet as a tool to target a victim. This illegal activity involves downloading illegal music files to the theft of millions of dollars from online banking systems. It also involves non-monetary crimes such as distributing and creating viruses on other computers or even the posting of confidential business information and data on the internet. On the other hand, cyber crime is classified into three different groups (Kiesbye 2012). This occurs among the government and a business entity through the use of unauthorized access over the computer system without knowing the owner. It is also meant to send programs with the aim of crashing the computer system virus trafficking software. Cybercrime has developed to become one of the fastest growing areas of crime. An increasing number of criminals have been exploiting the convenience, speed and anonymity that the modern technologies offer so as to commit a diverse range of criminal activities. Moreover, the world’s nature of internet usage has given criminals an opportunity to commit any criminal activity any place around the globe. This has made it important for each and every country to adapt domestic offline to detect and cover crimes committed out in cyberspace. In recent years, cybercrime has evolved. In the past it was committed by small groups or by individuals. Nowadays, there has been an emerging trend where traditional organized crime syndicates and criminal minded technology experts working in hand in combining their resources and expertise (Stefoff 2009). There are two types of cybercrime. They are cybertheft and cybervandalism. Cybertheft is the activity of using the internet to steal property or interference with another person’s enjoyment of resources through computers for making illegal

Foundations of Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foundations of Human Resource Management - Essay Example Moreover, the globalization in the business world diverted the attention of managers and owners of companies towards comprehending relationships and interests of customers with the company. For this reason, many times employees’ interests were ignored and the increasing pressure of competition and customer satisfaction further amplified this practice of managers (Marchington, 2008). HRM practices of many companies illustrate that, company’s success is not solely dependent on its quality of product and services but also on its workplace environment and employer-employee relationship. On this basis, it is pertinent to develop an understanding regarding the nature of employment relationship within an organization, and it effects on the perception of employees about the company (Sisson, 2010). In comparison of today’s corporate environment with that of some four decades ago, a major change in employees’ practices can be observed. Employee unions have been weak ened in the recent times and their power over company’s policies has also been reduced. Low wages and more work are consequences of the change in business environment and have changed the attitude of employees towards their company too. Moreover, the turnover ratio of employees has also increased significantly over the years, particularly in the Western countries. These factors amplify the need of understanding employment relations in the light of contemporary environment and challenges in the globalized business society (Sisson, 2010). Nature of the Employment Relationship An existing dilemma in the corporate environment today is choosing between production-oriented management and people-oriented management. For production management, the hiring and firing of personnel are on the basis of target meeting and providing benefits to the sales or reputation of the company. On the other hand, people oriented management is concern with the code of conduct and personal practices of the labor force. These management practices define the nature of the organization and its interest towards employment relationship. The problem with the nature of the employment relation is that at any time either the interest of employees or the interest of the organization are been compromised (Williams & Smith, 2010). When the company is outsourcing resources, it is paying for the quality of the product the other company is offering. However, in the case of employment, the deal is between wage and the work done by the employees. Therefore, considering this relation between the employer and employees as solely contractual is not appropriate. It is because in a commercial contract, both parties have more or less equal position in the contract and have the power of denial or asking for accountability. Contrary to this, employees working in an organization have fewer power in the contact and are oblige to perform whatever been asked for the sake of money. The commonly heard terms of work pressure, offensive work environment and negligence of employee rights are thus the consequences of an imbalance in the contractual standings of the two parties (Budd, 2004). Interests of both employer and employees also hold an important place in formulating the nature of the employment relation. Interests of the employer are to provide the company’s product to its customers at the right quality, price and time. On the other han

Base De Madeira Essay Example for Free

Base De Madeira Essay The advent of internet and ecommerce revolutionized many a things, one of which was the way traditional trade was done. Ecommerce reshaped trade for every player in the supply chain. Businesses need to have an established online presence in order to maintain a competitive edge in terms of innovation and keeping up with evolving customer demands. Lifestyles of customers have evolved quite rapidly because of which businesses have to adapt to these changes and learn new ways to reach their customers. Customers have realized that they can work, study, play, and even shop online. Ecommerce is what helps businesses to effectively sell their products online. Purpose The objective of this project stems from the above premise. We are proposing an online shopping store for furniture, which will help customers to shop for furniture online, just like they would be able to, in a physical, furniture store. The whole purpose of â€Å"Base De Madeira† is that people can buy unique, exclusive and one of its kind furniture items and accessories online in a safe environment. To facilitate this online purchase, a whole computerized setup must be established. This proposal aims to define the scope of the problem at hand (establishment of the furniture shop online), and the solution in terms of technical, functional and non-functional requirements. We shall also provide various business and activity diagrams for the project, to define the scope of the online furniture shop. Scope and specification The whole idea of â€Å"Base De Madeira† as stated above is facilitating customers’ buying. In accordance with this idea, the main software to be produced for establishing this computerized setup is the customer database, stored on the web-server, which is to be automatically updated at the back-end, through the website at the front-end. There will be a membership module where people can login and do their shopping online, through browsing, searching, and putting products and accessories in the shopping cart. Moreover, admin can login as well where they can manage the database for inventory, orders and payments. We shall have a product display module where customers can search products and browse through a catalogue that can be updated by the data entry clerks for additional stock available and new products and features added. This database is tied in with the inventory management database. Another main aspect of the software will include the inventory database stored on the web-server which is again automatically updated when a purchase takes place, although all new inventory items and some old ones will be updated by the data entry clerks, through the management side’s front-end interface, on the server side of the whole application. Additionally, order management will take place through this inventory database, and it will include ensuring items are adequately stocked and available to the customers. Therefore, to manage orders and inventory, the database will have to be one that incorporates both sides of the business. Other than that, we shall have a payments module that keeps track of invoices, generating them, along with management of a shopping cart that incorporates discounts and special offers.

Case Study of Globalisation in Indonesia

Case Study of Globalisation in Indonesia Globalisation Globalisation encompasses increased international economic integration, evidenced by growing global markets, global resource flows, transnational corporations, global consumption patterns and intergovernmental agreements, resulting in economies becoming more interconnected through: Increased trade of GS globally Increased global flows of production factors or resources (foreign capital, labour, and technology) Increased foreign investments, resulting in technological transfers Increased private savings or finance globally Harmonisation of the business cycle for globalised economies Increased economic interdependencies Increased growth of size and quantity of TNCs with global operations Increased global consumer trends Increased inter-government consultations/agreements to manage economic contacts and disputes Globalisation has allowed the Indonesian economy to reform to be in accordance with competitive economic growth rates. Globalisation represented the catalyst for Indonesia’s sustained growth once the oil boom of the 1970s subsided, as it allowed international exporting of manufacturing goods, made possible by uniform technological advancement with strong economies, leading to a GDP drop of only 2.6%. Influence of Globalisation on the World Globalisation has had lasting impacts on the globally integrated economy regarding trade, global financial and investment flows, and transnational corporations. Global market growth is initially evident through growing trade links of GS between countries (incorporating consumer GS, capital goods and intermediate GS); as validated by increased global GDP from 12% in 1964 to 48% in 2010 for trading. Figure 1 – The Economy and Global Markets The table exposes globalisation through countries’ high trade dependencies (the importance of exports/imports compared to a nation’s GDP); with scattered countries withholding high trade dependencies, validating the presence of increasingly necessary global trade-flows (outliers affected by externalities including war/civil strife, increasing trade dependency). Globalisation is highlighted by the GFC affecting trade dependencies systematically, where all high dependency nations had lowered percentages, losing 20% a year following the GFC, but in 2011 all these nations’ trade dependencies began to harmonise again. Similarly, low trade dependency nations reduced in trade dependency in 2009, but re-harmonised in 2010. By the circular flow model, exports are injections into the flow, whilst imports are leakages. Thus, increased exports increases the total sales of firms, which motivates increased output and increased GDP. Increased GDP yields increased factors of production, which raises household income, further encouraging more consumption spending, and savings, with taxation revenue obtained by the government sector. Imports, contrastingly, increase access to more GS, and puts pressure on local firms to be more efficient as a means of competing with imports (a lack of competition will void efficiency and resources, leading to ceilings placed on the economy’s total supply). This is shown especially with technology, as a means to keep on par with high-income economies. Global financial flows undertook exponential increase from 1975 to the GFC due to globalisation, inducing: Expanding international trade equivalent twice real GDP growth Expanding international direct investments thrice real GDP growth (before 2001) Expanding international equity investment is ten times real GDP growth Increased global private capital-flows grew from 10% of GDP in 1990, to 32% of GDP in 2005 Figure 2  ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Global Capital Inflows $US billion Furthermore, the growth of private savings flows inter-economically is emphasised by: Direct Investments: A purchase allowing foreign investors to exercise control of foreign assets for future decisions. Portfolio Investments: A purchase of equity of foreign assets, but unlike direct investments, there is little control, growing more than direct investments, seen in Figure By the circular flow model, the inflow of these foreign savings increases local savings for financing investment expenditures. FDI promotes technological imports, increasing productive efficiency Due to globalisation, TNCs are able to create subsidiaries internationally to expand global production facilities. Figure 3 – Geographic Distribution of Foreign Subsidiaries of US-based TNCs Figure 3 highlights that coherent national links allows scattering of foreign subsidiaries, increasing high-income nations, increasing confidence of cultural integration of foreign subsidiaries, resulting in increased amount of financial resources due to increase in world GDP. Anti-trust legislations provide lesser ability to expand domestically, but provide incentives to grow via international expansion. Finally, globalisation pressures transnational management to achieve growth due to vast amounts of competition, by entering new markets. Economic Strategies Being Utilised Indonesia’s emerging economy is subject to economic strategies used as part of the globalisation process to promote economic growth and development, including exploitation of oil prices, forced structural change, export-oriented development strategy for non-oil sectors and IMF appeals. Suharto’s government (1967-1998) yielded abrupt changes in Indonesian economic development strategies to surmount government indebtedness, in attempts to increase investment levels for public and private economic sectors to achieve economic growth and development by expansion of heavy industries. In the 1970s, FDIs and foreign loans provided savings, with 50% of funds used for investments in the Indonesian non-oil sector. Suharto’s strategy, centric on labour intensive consumer goods manufactures (including textiles and clothing) instead of heavy industry, had been an import-substitution behind a protective tariff. Indonesia’s prevalent state-owned oil company: ‘Pertamina’ provided ~70% of total exports, with government-independent strategies to spend on steel mills and increase its foreign loans. The 2000% rise in oil prices from 1973 to mid-1980s resulted in exponential increase of oil and LNG export earnings from US$641m to US$10,600m. With vast funds, the Indonesian government realised many domestic private firm conglomerates expanded exponentially (aided by military, contracts, credit and restrictions on competition), leading to structural change with greater investments in heavy industries such as steel, petrochemicals, oil-refining, and plywo od industries possible by export restrictions of logs (validated by a $3899m increase in plywood exports from 1981 to 1996). Due to a subsiding oil boom, the Indonesian government prioritised non-oil exports, so foreign exchange earnings increased to sustain payments and government-sector debt pressures. This shifted focus of manufacturing sectors from domestic markets to export markets to satisfy this instability, aiming to: Increased rupiah devaluation to increase international competitiveness, resulting in decreased wage costs compared to nations including Thailand and Malaysia. Although, the devaluated rupiah results in more expensive imports and cheaper exports, motivating greater export quantities in labour intensive industries, predominantly clothing and textiles. Improved foreign savings access, leading to individuals in the 1990s with foreign investments exceeding US$50m was permitted complete foreign-ownership. Despite this, many foreign-restrictions remained including compulsory local partners, and lowered ownership shares for foreign firms within the joint venture as time progresses. Similarly, the strategy aims to decrease regulatory controls within private firms, motivating greater foreign savings access without government-control (unaffordable governmental trade obligations). Increased tariff reduction on goods to motivate cheaper inputs, increasing economic-efficiency, and motivating international negotiations so export markets are more accessible internationally. Deregulated financial sector to increase competition between dominant state-owned banks and newer domestic/foreign banks, to create private sector independence, achieving greater private investment expenditure than investment spending in the public sector by the 1990s. Due to financial institution debt issues and collapsing property booms within Indonesia, there was capital flight (when assets, money or resources quickly flow out of a country) and collapsed exchange rates with 14000 rupiah to each US$, developing into lacking foreign reserves and desperate appeals to the IMF. These pleas led to an IMF rehabilitation program: Rising interest rates to support the rupiah and to remain stable in the vastly expanding inflation rates (58.5$ in1998) Financial reforms, with dominant banks closing, others nationalised so the government was able to support it, to avoid medium-term collapse in credit availability, but exponential debt issues made this is a difficult issue to mitigate in the short term Rising unemployment due to collapsing credit, with real GDP falling 13.2% from 1998-99 Lowered government spending to alleviate pressures to remain dominant in food subsidies The Impacts of Globalisation on Indonesia Globalisation has impacted Indonesia’s emerging economy in its placement in the globalisation process, primarily inadvertently led by proposed economic strategies relating to primary export sectors, structural economic change and IMF rehabilitation. Figure 4: PERCENTAGE INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTIONS TO GDP OF INDONESIA Figure 4 highlights globalisation triggering increased oil prices and motivating a structural change, emphasised by a predominant mining sector growing until the early 1980s, with successful oil exporters hindered when world recession and inflation in stronger high income economies reduced oil demands during low 1980s. Lowered demand motivated replacements to oil and developing oil-saving technologies, shifting world-energy usages for the following two decades: increasing exports for alternative energy including coal for electricity and heating. Integrated global markets, for primarily fuels, yielded: Lowered export earnings due to lowering oil prices, which decreased by half in the low 1980s to 1986 (dropping to US$12/barrel) Lowered account balance from US$2.2b surplus to US$7.0b deficit from 1980 to 1983, increasing pressure on Indonesian currency (rupiah) and stability of foreign reserves, further disadvantaged by economic nationalism movements deterring FDIs. Government debt repayments grew US$933m from 1975 to 1985, increasing dependence on foreign aid and loans, diminishing effects of their financial export predicament. The predicament shone imperfections to Indonesia’s economic development strategies – unable to produce positive outcomes elsewhere within Eastern Asia, demonstrating that oil exports were unreliable for economic development and nationalism in being globally integrated. These unreliable economic-development-strategies were: Import-substitution strategy allowing public and private firms to develop coherent links with law-makers in low competition and high-protection business environments Military involvement within Parliament, granting specific business operations Attempted sustained economic growth up to the late 1990s and early 2000s from oil lacked cash inflow, leading to increased bureaucrats supporting economic reform, coming with greater influence as the Indonesian government pursued reliable economic strategies focusing on non-oil exports Figure 5: ECONOMIC GROWTH: ANNUAL CHANGE IN REAL GDP Indonesian growth 1991 onwards validates a link between oil’s global demand, and sustained economic growth correlating closely to Malaysia and Thailand, despite weak oil prices. Figure 6: GROWTH IN PRODUCTION, BY SECTOR, IN INDONESIA Figure 6 correlates to slower growth rates with the uprising mining sector from 1980 until early 2000s, accommodated by the AFC in 1997-1999 resulting in lowered GDP, but nonetheless, manufacturing reigned as the leading emerging economic sector from 1990-2002. This Indonesian financial crisis was motivated by centralisation of power within the Suharto government, leading to an undesirable focus of power on those within personal favour of his regime including the president and close family, leading to increased consumption of wasted funds and greater earnings from external, mostly illegal sources of activity. However, reforms in the financial sector during the mid-late 1990s (highly demanded by foreign aid donors), lead to unsustainable increases in deregulation, and increased avoidance to prudential regulation and build-up of private foreign sector debt, correlating to ‘boom-like property developments’, and hence a worsened financial problem for Indonesia on the basis of its coherence within the global market and its highly demanded exports. Due to globalisation, and other nations building upon Indonesia’s oil/non-oil exports, the outcomes of reforms were that private banks and governments responded more to induced pressure from lending negotiations, with the Central Bank/Bank of Indonesia supporting these lending banks through liquidity, with 60-70% liquidity credit siphoned off upon reaching these banks. Resultant of Thailand’s financial institution failure (sporadic lending on property development), and Indonesia’s cash demand, an increased flow of money from Thailand into Indonesia (due to close economic exporting ties), resulted in bank collapse and lowered exchange-rates, developing into business closures and lowered credit availability, meaning extreme unemployment within Indonesia, to which the IMF provided rehabilitation. The influx and dependence of currency from Thailand forced an increase in closure of small banks in early 1998, resultant from lending to their respective shareholders at unsustainable rates, forming non-performing loans unable to be repaid. Alongside foreign aid and loans, recapitalisation of banks costed 50% of Indonesia’s GDP in early 2000s. AVOIDING THE GFC – ECONOMIC STRATEGIES AND RESULTANT IMPACTS Increased resource demand from Indonesia to China, lead to an influx of funds promoting Indonesia’s economic growth, producing greater diversification of oil/gas exports, with 2008 bringing exports of 190m tonnes of coal, rivalled by Australia’s 126m tonnes. One of the leading environmental controversies arisen through Indonesian exports is palm oil (alongside China makes up a third of global imports), involving deforestation and peat burning, which forms greenhouse gases and has become Indonesia’s leading source of air pollution. With forest-derived products being a competitive industry due to its significance on Indonesia’s cash influx, illegal logging provided an unexpected ‘edge’ within competing businesses – with up to 73% of forestry products being manufactured from illegal manufacturing methods. Following economic recession of the AFC, Indonesia’s success during the GFC (shown in Figure 5) was due to: Less reliance on trade (exports pertaining to 30% of nominal GDP) especially between high income markets such as Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand Declining inflation motivated private consumption, accounting for ~60% of GDP Healthy harvests maintained higher income for farming jobs, increasing consumption Increased provision of economic stimuli motivated by political favour of the Democratic Party during 2009 elections, providing grants to 18.5m poor households with tax-cuts part of the fiscal stimulus package with lowered exports during the GFC. Since imports declined more than exports, net exports are the contributors to GDP growth. The government introduced pay-rises for civil servants to quicken budget expenditure to reduce risk in sudden investment declines in manufacturing industries. The resultant budget deficit in 2009 was ~2.6% of GDP Emphasis on exports in Indonesia meant that stimulus distributed within China temporarily recovered the flow of resource income as prices and quantity of exports recovered Indonesian banks were motivated by the 3.0% lowered interest rates, meaning increased repaid loans, reduced lending availability and decreased credit demand. Negotiating with China, loan/swaps were achieved (exchanging cash flows) such that Indonesia was protected from sudden outflows of savings or lacking borrowing ability of banks

Essay --

Before I explain and talk about why a ball goes farther when hit with an aluminum bat, I would like to present and explain some vocabulary concept and words. A collision, transfers momentum or kinetic energy from one object to another object. There are two types of collisions, elastic collision and inelastic collision. An elastic collision is a collision that occurs when two objects bounce apart when they collide; the total kinetic energy in the system is the same before and after the collision. For example, elastic collision occurs when equally massive balls move in the same direction; in this case momentum is transferred from one ball to another ball. And an inelastic collision is a collision that occurs when two objects collide and do not bounce away from each other; the collision changes the total kinetic energy in a closed system. For example, inelastic collision occurs when two cars crash and join themselves into one; the objects stick together after colliding. In inelastic c ollision all that happened is the loss of some kinetic energy, objects don not necessarily need to stick together in an inelastic collision. Whether a collision is an elastic collision or inelastic collision momentum would always be the same before and/or after the collision as long as you have a close system. According to Asif Shakur, Chair of Physics and Engineering at Salisbury State University, explains, â€Å"Aluminum is a hard material. It doesn't have a lot of "give." In other words, aluminum is highly elastic. Therefore, very little of the ball's initial kinetic energy (the energy associated with motion) is used up in permanently deforming the aluminum. Indeed, the aluminum springs back quickly and the ball retains much of its initial energy. In co... ...reased the animosity between the two players† (Russell). The point of all of this is that Piazza’s bat broke; professional players typically go through a lot of bats during a baseball season. In conclusion, there are a various numbers of reasons why a ball go farther when hit with an aluminum bat; such as, aluminum bat can be swung faster, aluminum bats have the trampoline effect, aluminum bats have winder sweet spots, and aluminum bats don’t break. A ball goes farther when hit with aluminum bat because of the fact that the bat is very lightweight and have a large 'sweet spot' in which to hit the ball. In order to have a ball with a high speed, in other words, lots of kinetic energy, the collision has to an elastic collision. Aluminum bats can be swung faster because the barrel of an aluminum bat is empty; the distribution of mass along the length of a metal bat.

Essay on Multiple Voices in Morrisons Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon

The Significance of Multiple Voices in Morrison's Song of Solomon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Of the various manifestations of voice that participate in the interplay of voices in Song of Solomon, I would like to name three - the narrative voice, the signifying voice, and the responsive voice - each of which is dialogized within itself and in relation to the others.    In the opening scene of the novel, the third-person omniscient narrative voice [emphasis added] informs us that at the time of day that Mr. Smith plans to fly from the roof of Mercy Hospital, "word-of-mouth news just lumbered along" (3). This phrase not only encodes the black vernacular but also immediately directs the reader's attention to the cultural, communicative process by which the community structures itself. Interestingly, the phrase appears in the second sentence after Mr. Smith's note about his planned flight appears in the text. Thus, it abruptly shifts the reader's attention from the spectacle of Mr. Smith to the linguistic community of which he is a part. For this community, word of mouth is both a mode of communication and a category of knowledge upon which its members depend. The phrase also stands in contrast to the written word of Mr. Smith's note and therefore, paradoxically, points to his announcement as a suspension of the normative, just as the description of th e community that follows the phrase suspends the reader, along with the curious crowd of onlookers. On the one hand, the narrative voice contextualizes the act of an individual with the attendant communal response; on the other hand, it concurrently informs the reader and abdicates any totalizing ability to do so. Perhaps more importantly, however, in the litany of information about how the bl... ...significance to the listener. By paying attention to how identity is constructed dialogically rather than monologically, the reader hears and celebrates the voices that Toni Morrison both directly and indirectly enacts in the text. But this process also enables the reader to critique those cultural hegemonic forces that have silenced some voices in the first place. A dialogic reading not only encourages the reader to relinquish interpretations which reduce the African American community to a monologic, manageable entity but discourages the reader from coming to closure too easily.    Works Cited Marilyn Sanders Mobley, "Call and Response: Voice, Community and Dialogic Structures in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon," in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon," in New Essays on Song of Solomon, ed. Valerie Smith, Cambridge University Press 1995, 41-68. 42-43:

Planning Healthy and Safe Environments

The main factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments are; †¢Risk assessment; a risk assessment is a process that identifies and assesses the importance of risk in a situation and then assesses the measures that control it. A risk assessment should be undertaken before a planned outdoor learning experience, and the main findings recorded. †¢Contact details; you should always make sure that you have up to date emergency contact numbers, for all staff and children attending the outdoor excursion.Medical; you should always make sure that any medical requirements are set in place, for example, inhalers, sickness tablets etc†¦ Also take with you the first aid kit. †¢The age of children being taken off premises should be noted as the ratio of adult:child differs on age, for example more adults will be needed per child at 4/5 years than 10/11 year old. If it an indoor environment then you need to take into account; †¢Th e size of room for the amount of children to work safely in.†¢Whether or not it is a safe environment for any disability i. e wheel chair, walker etc. †¢If it is a kitchen, set out rules for children, such as utensil use, near cooker when lit, what happens if emergency etc. General behaviour when near hot appliances. Monitoring and maintaining health and safety makes others in school aware of risks, hazards and safe working. Health and safety are monitored and maintained by doing daily health checks, updating children files and checking materials for currency.Parents and teachers having open Communication, and parents informing teachers of children medical conditions and updates and exposures. The use of sign in badges for visitors are used also anybody working in a school environment has to have a C. R. B check before entering. There is also a Health and Safety policy which is followed and regularly updated. Also there is a use of caution signs to let others know of spill age, danger to health etc.

The Stereotypical Image of the American Soldier

Military supremacy is what makes a nation a superpower—with the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States of America is undeniably the only superpower left in the world. No other country at the present world can come close to America’s military prowess.Because the foot soldier is the basic unit of the military, their image is of utmost importance. However, like most professions, there are stereotypes related to the American soldier. These stereotypes, used as propaganda to intimidate the forces of the enemy, may be traced back to the Second World War or maybe earlier (Snellman).Since wars are not that â€Å"encouraged† anymore, the image of the American soldier has been shaped mostly by media, which also paved the way for stereotypes on the American soldier to develop. Stereotypes Because the world has not a seen a major, full-scale, and closely contested war since Vietnam or Korea (Wars after those were mostly one-sided), the image of the American soldier has not been covered as much as they were during times of major conflicts. Movies provided the civilians with an alternative into developing their perceptions regarding the American Soldier.Sadly, these perceptions that the public has come up with are stereotypical and sometimes offensive. The American Soldier as a White Male When we first think of the visual image of the American soldier, the first thing that we would imagine is that of a white male.An American soldier is usually visualized as white, standing bravely with a gun on his hand. This is the case because of two things. First, the whites are considered as the majority race in the US, so the chances of a soldier being white are quite high.Second, the American soldier is also thought to be white most of the time because of the history of the US—In the past up until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and maybe until now, the blacks were discriminated greatly.This translated into the white soldier as the image of the American so ldier, even if the African-Americans played an important role during the Civil War. The American soldier is also stereotyped as a male simply because our society is generally a patriarchal society despite the rise of feminism. The American soldier is thought (and should be) to be strong physically.Being physically strong is not an attribute that is associated with women, thus creating the image of the American soldier as masculine. The American Soldier from the Lower Class A job in the army has never been a glamorous or desired job for the public.Enlisting in the army is stereotyped as a last resort to earn a living because the person cannot afford to go to college or get a high paying job. There is some element of truth into this stereotype because this scenario is usually the case. However, that does not mean that all soldiers are from poor economic backgrounds.Some of them may really want to join the army despite having other bigger opportunities as a civilian. This stereotype ma y also have surfaced because the army does not even require a high school diploma (Army. com). The American Soldier as an Independent, Self-reliant, and Assertive Individual Despite being part of the most powerful (in force and number) and advanced army in the world, the American soldier, when he or she is by him- or herself, is stereotyped as independent, self-reliant, and assertive, as they ought to be.The strength of the army is measured by the strength of its soldiers. If even one of its soldiers does not possess the said traits, the strength of the army maybe compromised. Therefore, the public thinks highly of our soldiers as having all those traits mentioned.Sometimes, while practicing their independence or by trying to assert themselves, soldiers may be branded as aggressive, but it is only their eagerness to be independent and assertive that they become stereotyped as aggressive.The public expects the American soldier to be aggressive because they are supposed to be combat-r eady all the time. The American Soldier as a Strict, Stiff, and too Disciplined Person Discipline is one of the core values of the military. Army personnel are expected to conduct themselves properly at all times, but that does not mean that they are always like that even when they are not on duty. Media have portrayed our soldiers as being too strict, too conscious about discipline, and stiff in their movements, even (or especially) the retired ones.This is not a realistic portrayal of the soldiers because it is highly doubtful that they are like that to their families. Although we could expect military men referring to civilians as â€Å"Sir† or â€Å"Ma’am,† the chances of father and mother soldiers barking orders at their children and making them do push-ups, crunches, and all those military punishment are slim. The American Soldier as a Grown Man Pictures of American soldiers in the news and especially depictions in movies are almost always a picture of a m ature man. Rarely do we see young soldiers slugging it out on the screen.This stereotype of the American soldier is partly true and partly false—true because today, even if the army does not even require a high school diploma, it is mostly the experienced men that go out into the field, and false because during the previous wars, a lot of young men were forced into battle because of the scarcity in military personnel. Now, young men are no longer forced into action because the army has a lot of experienced men ready to battle all the time. Conclusion The American soldier is one of the enduring images of patriotism in the United States.The American soldier’s image has developed stereotypes through the years because of media coverage and portrayals in films. This has led the public into coming up with stereotypes that are now synonymous to the term American Soldier.Works CitedSnellman, Pekka. â€Å"The Grunt: Analysis of a Stereotype. † Power Pride and Politics in American English. 22 March 2006.University of Tampere. 27 March 2009. . Army. com.Requirements to Join the US Army. 27 March 2009 .

Marketing research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing research report - Essay Example Figures are provided by various web sites, one of these is a reliable source from Mintel which conducts scientific and period reportage, with the aim of analyzing various industries and businesses affecting the UK and other countries. Not only this, the different incidents of global terrorism are briefly examined so that there can be an analysis on its impact on hotel and tourism industry. According to the EU, a hotel is defined as "a collective accommodation establishment, typified as being arranged in rooms exceeding a nationally specified minimum and as providing common services, including room service." The UK definition is made according to the holding of a licence to sell liquor. (Mintel website) Mintel defines tourism "as any travel which involves an overnight stay away from home." Tourism 'trips' divide between holidays (short breaks of 1-3 nights or long holidays), business travel, VFR (visits to friends and relatives (VFR) and miscellaneous travel purposes (eg shopping or religious trips), all of which may involve staying in a hotel. (Mintel website) When terrorists hijacked four U.S. ... The perpetrators - and indeed the entire world - may have thought that it was the end of America as an economic and military superpower. America under attack, America on its knees, Bin Laden, the anthrax threats and other security concerns, what would be the future of America and the world and the global economy Terrorism is a menace to society. It involves violence causing destruction and deaths for vague and questionable "religious causes" - love and service to God - never before heard in the annals of man as a religious being. The September 11 attack impacted on the lives of the American people and the economy, by creating fear and depreciating billions of dollars worth of man-made infrastructure, buildings and capital. Terrorism has spread all over, and where there is terrorism, profound effects impact on tourism, a direct victim along with the economy. From as far as the Philippines, to the small island of Bali in Indonesia, to the subways of London, to Spain, Egypt, Brazil, Nepal, and the skyscrapers of New York, terrorism wreaked havoc. There were instant reactions from countries and governments. Securities in airports and terminals were strict. People restricted their travel. Terrorism served its purpose - fear in everyone's heart. In the wake of the tragedy in New York, travel and tourism industry was reeling. Airline travel and hotel stays have plummeted worldwide. Industry revenues, profits, and stock values are all down. Industry workers are being laid off in large numbers. (World Economic News, 2000) The World Tourism Organization issued the "Report of the Secretary-General: Terrorist Attacks in the United States of America", and acknowledged that the "unprecedented and brutal act of terrorism is

Economics of Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of Developing Countries - Essay Example This strategy aims to increase the domestic production and reduce the dependency on foreign imports. Outward looking strategy Outward looking strategies are not just related to primary exports, but lay more importance on the trade of employment opportunities and other strategies which increases the level of income in the country. Trade expansion is to be used for economic growth and the generation of employment opportunities. b) India’s trade policies have changed rapidly since independence. Before independence India made imports for even those products which could be manufactured in India. But after independence there was a change in strategy and more emphasis is being laid on exports rather than imports. Today India has a strong trade policy and lays more emphasis on exports and follows the import substitute industrialization policy and restricts its imports. India now uses trade expansion as an instrument for economic growth and the generation of employment opportunities. I t has been effective in improving India’s economy especially developing the agricultural economy. The overall trade policy is good for Tamil Nadu as Tamil Nadu has increased its agricultural income. c) Both India and china have been successful in increasing their exports and reducing their dependence on imports. China has laid emphasis on the export of manufactured products, while India has laid much emphasis on the export of services. India’s exports are of capital and skill intensive products, while china’s exports are labor intensive goods. Both the countries have reduced their imports by the Import substitute industrialization strategy. Question 6: The article ‘Now we are seven billion’ states that Population growth has both positive and negative effects. Mr. Simon is of the opinion that prices would rise in real terms, when there is an increase in population. The article states that as the world economy boomed the population growth fell. Accord ing to the UN’s population division the world population will reach 7 billion as on 31st October 2011. According to Mr. Simon, the world’s rising population was not a problem since an increase in population is also related to an increased demand for investment. The author provides the example of China, where fertility is less and one child is the policy in the nation. The author states that china’s policy is a violation of rights. Encouraging smaller families is good for economic growth as it reduces the poverty in the country, but there are large families too. Although there is a basic view that rising population creates scarcity of resources, yet population is important for the economic growth of the country. The argument presented is that smaller families create economic growth. Smaller families create economic growth because smaller families’ means less poverty and each member of the family gets all the comforts of the life. Therefore this results in better economic growth of the country. The argument presented against is that when the population decreases then it reduces the growth of the economy, which again hampers the economic growth of the country. Thus population has both positive and negative effects. Question: V: DEEP in the South Atlantic, a huge business operation is under system that Brazil’s leaders say will turn their state into an oil power by the end of this decade. If the ambitious plans of the national oil

Disscusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Disscusion - Essay Example The CDF (2014) affirms that no cases of the new H7N9 virus have been detected in people and birds within the United States. A number of avian influenza viruses have been able to cross the species barrier on a few occasions with the effect of having a varying impact on human health. Kreijtz et al, (2013), point out that the majority of the humans infected with avian virus have presented with severe viral pneumonia before they eventually became critically ill. These symptoms are supported by findings by the CDC (2014) which reports that while some relatively mild cases of human H7N9 infection have been reported with most of these patients being diagnosed as having severe respiratory illnesses, an alarming one-third of infections result in death. The pandemic potential of the H7N9 virus is evidenced by the fact that the estimated mortality rate of one-third of infected patients provided by the CDC (2014) is found to be similar to the results of an epidemiologic study that was conducted on 82 confirmed cases of persons infected with the H7N9 virus in china by Li et al. (2013). In the study, it was found that the mortality rate for the disease was at about 21%, however, Li et al, (2013), highlighted the fact that this percentage was quite likely to increase as most of the patients in the study who were confirmed as having the H7N9 virus infection remained critically ill. Attempts to try and control the spread of the avian A (H7N9) virus by the controlled culling of birds in affected areas might not be particularly successful as is shown by the results of a study conducted by Olson et al, (2013). In the study, the researchers established that controlling human infection with the H7N9 avian influenza subtype by the culling of birds might prove to be quite challenging as a result of the probability that some of the infected domestic flocks might be asymptomatic. Olson et al, (2013), also